Theories of Management - Scientific Approach of Management

B. Scientific Approach of Management:

The scientific approach of management was suggested by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the 20^th century. Scientific management implies “application of scientific principles for studying and identifying management problems”. According to Taylor, if work is analyzed scientifically, it is possible to find one best way to do it. Scientific management implies application of scientific principles for studying and identifying management problems.

Taylor proposed 4 principle of scientific management which is described as below:

1.      science, not rule of thumb

In the earlier days of the industrial revolution, managers used to apply personal judgment to solve the problems they confronted during their work. This is referred to as ‘rule of thumb’. However, this method was suffered from the limitation of trial and error approach. Hence Taylor suggested the development and use of scientific methods to:

·         Determine time required to perform job;

·         Determine a fair day’s work for workmen;

·         Determine the best way of doing work;

·         Set work standards like selecting standard tools and equipments, maintaining standard working conditions etc.

2.      Harmony, not Discard

According to this principle, all members of a group should carry out their tasks in harmony to contribute more than the sum of individual contributions.

3.      Cooperation, not individualism

This principle states that there should be complete co-operation between management and employees instead of individualism. For this management need to open its ear to any constructive suggestion made by employees. The employee should be part of management.

4.      Development of each and every person to his or her greatest efficiency and prosperity.

This principle states that managers should select each employee scientifically as well assign work according to his/her physical, mental and intellectual capabilities. Moreover, employee should given training in order to increase their work efficiency.